In this paper we aim to discuss a theoretical explanation for the positive relationship between patients’ knowledge and their trust in healthcare personnel. Our approach is based on John Dewey’s notion of continuity. This notion entails that the individual’s experiences are interpreted as interrelated to each other, and that knowledge is related to future experience, not merely a record of the past. Furthermore, we apply Niklas Luhmann’s theory on trust as a way of reducing complexity and enabling action. Anthony Giddens’ (...) description and analysis of the high modern society provides a frame for discussing the preconditions for patient-healthcare personnel interaction. High modernity is dominated by expert systems and demands trust in these. We conclude that patient knowledge and trust in healthcare personnel is related because both knowledge and trust are future- and action-oriented concepts. The traits of high modernity provides opportunities and challenges as the personnel can and must perform discretion. This discretion must be made in a context where knowledge is considered uncertain and preliminary. (shrink)

The paper begins with consideration of Plato and Aristotle, but the question addressed in this essay is the following: What has been meant--and what role has been played--in the succession of doctrines of physics we have had since the seventeenth century, by notions of “power” and of “cause”? The essay concludes with consideration of field theories set in relativistic space-time.

The purpose of this work is to elaborate an empirically grounded mathematical model of the magnitude of consequences component of "moral intensity", 366, 1991) that can be used to evaluate different ethical situations. The model is built using the analytical hierarchy process and empirical data from the legal profession. One contribution of our work is that it illustrates how AHP can be applied in the field of ethics. Following a review of the literature, we discuss the development of the model. (...) We then illustrate how the model can be used to rank-order three well-known ethical reasoning cases in terms of the magnitude of consequences. The work concludes with implications for theory, practice, and future research. Specifically we discuss how this work extends the previous work by Collins regarding the nature harm variable. We also discuss the contribution this work makes in the development of ethical scenarios used to test hypotheses in the field of business ethics. Finally, we discuss how the model can be used for after-action review, contribute to organizational learning, train employees in ethical reasoning, and aid in the design and development of decision support systems that support ethical reasoning. (shrink)

Die historisch-ethnologische Abteilung der 1911 in Dresden veranstalteten Internationalen Hygiene Ausstellung war ein großer Publikumserfolg. Organisiert von Karl Sudhoff, dem einflussreichsten Medizinhistoriker der Zeit, versuchte diese Abteilung, die Geschichte der Hygiene zu ‘verkaufen’. Auf einer Ausstellungsfläche von mehr als 2.400 m2 wurden über 20.000 Objekte in mehr als siebzig Räumen, Hallen und Gallerien präsentiert. Die Dresdener Hygiene-Ausstellung war zwar nicht die erste ihrer Art, aber die erste, die eine derartig große Ausstellungsfläche für die Inszenierung einer Geschichte der Hygiene reservierte. Der (...) Beitrag, der auf einer Auswertung der Korrespondenz Sudhoffs mit seinen Mitarbeitern beruht, zeigt, wie diese überaus erfolgreiche historisch-ethnologische Ausstellung möglich wurde. Das Archivmaterial, das einen Blick hinter die Kulissen erlaubt, belegt wie das Aufeinanderprallen unterschiedlicher Charaktere, verschiedener intellektueller Ziele und Organisationskulturen die spezifische Präsentation dieser Abteilung prägten. (shrink)

Discussion at the symposium, and subsequent correspondence with participants, have raised a series of critical questions that seem to me to merit discussion. The issues raised have also led me to consider further some of the literature commenting on Newton’s work and on related matters in the history of optics. What was initially intended as a brief supplement to the foregoing paper [On Metaphysics and Method in Newton, item 10631] has thus evolved into a new article of considerable length.

This article argues that certain philosophically devised quality control parameters should guide approaches to interdisciplinary education. We sketch the kind of reflections we think are necessary in order to produce epistemologically responsible curricula. We suggest that the two overarching epistemic dimensions of levels of analysis and basic viewpoints go a long way towards clarifying the structure of interdisciplinary validity claims. Through a discussion of how best to teach basic ideas about numeracy in Mind, Brain, and Education, we discuss what it (...) means for an interdisciplinary curriculum to respect both the minds of students and the complexity of the subject matter. (shrink)

Das historische Buch konnen zahlreiche Rechtschreibfehler, fehlende Texte, Bilder, oder einen Index. Kaufer konnen eine kostenlose gescannte Kopie des Originals durch den Verlag. 1890. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug:... sicherere Prognose stellen konnte, schon drei Wochen vor dem Tode des Philosophen an Leibniz'): D. B. de S. vereor, ut brevi nos derelicturus sit, cum phtisis in dies ingravescere videatur. Funf Tage nach dem Tode Spinoza's ubermittelt Schuller diese schmerzliche Nachricht Leibniz und macht ihm dabei gleichzeitig das merkwurdige Anerbieten, er moge das dem (...) Nachlass entnommene, von Spinoza's Hand herruhrende Exemplar der Ethik fur 150 Gulden fur die Bibliothek des Herzogs von Hannover ankaufen: Caeterum te minime celare debui, clarissimum et acutissimum virum Spinozam maxima atrophia conflictatum 21./H-Februar. vitam suam cum morte commutasse. Videtur autem quod inexpectata mortis debilitate praeventus sit, quoniam sine testamento, ultimae voluntatis indice, a nobis discessit. Ethica, quam penes ipsum vidisti, in autogra-cp penes amicum asservatur2) venalisque habetur, si pretio opere tanto condigno persolvatur, ad quod nulli melius, quam Tibi significandum censui, utpote qui operis conscius principis animum dirigere poteris, ut suis sumtibus coematur3). Gegen eine solche unehrerbietige und geschaftsmassige Ausbeutung der litterarischen Hinterlassenschaft Spinoza's mussen die edler veranlagten Junger des Meisters, an ihrer Spitze wol Ludwig Meyer, entschiedene Einsprache erhoben haben. Denn im folgenden Briefe widerruft Schuller in angstlichem Tone sein unpassendes Angebot, und man merkt es den Zeilen an, dass die heftige Erregung, die uber den Nachlass im Amsterdamer Schuler ') Brief II, datirt: 6. Februar 1677. Dass das Luugenubel in seiner Familie hereditar war, ist ubrigens ein Novum. 2) Die... (shrink)

In this paper, the author considers an argument against the thesis that humans are irrational in the sense that we reason according to principles that differ from those we ought to follow. The argument begins by noting that if humans are irrational, we should not trust the results of our reasoning processes. If we are justified in believing that humans are irrational, then, since this belief results from a reasoning process, we should not accept this belief. The claim that humans (...) are irrational is, thus, self-undermining. The author shows that this argument---and others like it---fails for several interesting reasons. In fact, there is nothing self-undermining about the claim that humans are irrational; empirical research to establish this claim does not face the sorts of a priori problems that some philosophers and psychologists have claimed it does. (shrink)

No primeiro esforço de aproximaçãoentre analítica existencial e antropologia filosófica,este ensaio procura estabelecer, em lugarde destaque, a idéia de compreensão do sercomo elemento determinante do modo de serno-mundo do ser humano. Dessa primeira idéiadecorrem então os dois teoremas de finitude: ocirculo hermenêutico e a diferença ontológica.Temos, nestes dois pilares da filosofia hermenêutica,um novo modo de fundação e um novomodo de dar-se de todo ente. A diferençaontológica constitui o como tudo é acessível,vem ao encontro, mas ela mesma éinacessível ao pensamento objetificador. (...) Todonosso modo de pensar e conhecer o ente passapor aquilo que é sua condição de possibilidade.Mas todo, a dar-se nesse como é articuladono enquanto, no algo enquanto algoda estrutura da compreensão que é o modo deser do Dasein, a dimensão hermenêutica docirculo do hermenêutico. A articulação dessesdois teoremas da finitude, que são os elementosdeterminantes presentes em todo conhecimentohumano, constitui o modo de ser e omodo primeiro de conhecer do ser do Dasein. Aantropologia filosófica, a partir da analíticaexistencial, encontra nos dois teoremas dafinitude seu estatuto filosófico. (shrink)

SÍNTESE - Na tradição filosófica a questão do objeto tem levado a discussões de importância no âmbito da análise do conhecimento. Na psicanálise a expressão relação de objeto herdou as dificuldades que o problema do objeto suscitava na filosofia. O ensaio pretende sugerir um novo tratamento para a questão através do uso de alguns elementos da analítica existencial. É assim que irá tratar do modo de ser-no-mundo e a perturbação da relação de objeto, partindo da questão da finitude do Dasein (...) para realizar uma espécie de desconstrução hermenêutica dessa relação. Um exame especifico da questão do objeto perdido irá revelar novas faces da questão na relação de ambiguidade entre culpa e melancolia diante dos objetos da experiência de um tipo de obra de arte contemporânea. (shrink)